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Lithium{0} baytariyada ion sida caadiga ah waxay adeegsadaan laba{1}}qaabka dallacaadda heerka si loo hubiyo badbaadada, isku halaynta, iyo hufnaanta dallacaadda. Marxaladda koowaad waa mid joogto ah oo korantadu xaddidayso, heerka labaadna waa danab joogto ah oo xaddidan hadda. Xadka korantada ugu badan ee ku dallacaadda lithium-ka{4}} baytarigu wuu kala duwan yahay iyadoo ku xidhan walxaha cathode. Qulqullada korantada ee aasaasiga ah ee lithium{6}} baytariyada ion ayaa lagu muujiyey sawirka 3-11. Qalloocyada shaxanka ayaa isticmaalaya koronto/daadin hadda ah C/3. Batariyada lithium-ion ee kala duwan, kala duwanaanshaha ugu weyn waa laba:
1) Qiimaha joogtada ah ee ugu fiican ee marxaladda koowaad way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran tahay qalabka cathode ee batteriga iyo habka wax soo saarka. Guud ahaan, kala duwanaanta hadda jirta ee 0.2C ilaa 0.3C ayaa la isticmaalaa. Xaaladaha isticmaalka tamarta degdega ah, 1C, 2C, ama xitaa heerar ka sarreeya ayaa la shaqaaley karaa.
2) Baytariyada lithium-ka ee kala duwan{1}iyoon baytariyadu waxa ay muujinayaan kala duwanaansho la taaban karo ee mudada joogta ah, iyo saamiga awooda lagu dalaci karo hadda joogto ilaa wadarta awooda sidoo kale aad ayay u kala duwan tahay. Marka loo eego codsiyada baabuurta korantada ee wax ku oolka ah, muddada dheer ee joogtada ah ee hadda jirta waxay keenaysaa wadarta guud ee wakhtiga dallacaadda, taas oo faa'iido badan u leh codsiyada.
Lithium - Voltage batteriga ion wuu xasiloon yahay oo si tartiib ah ayuu u yareeyaa marxaladaha hore iyo dhexe ee dheecaanka, laakiin si degdeg ah ayuu hoos ugu dhacaa marxaladaha dambe, sida ka muuqata qaybta DE ee sawirka 3-11. Xakamaynta waxtarka leh ayaa muhiim ah inta lagu jiro marxaladan si looga hortago daadinta xad dhaafka ah iyo waxyeelada aan laga laaban karin ee batteriga.
Qodobbada saameeya sifooyinka dallacaadda
(1) Saamayntaku dallaca haddaSifooyinka dallacaadda Qaadashada qayb gaar ah oo batari NCM ah{0}Ion leh oo leh awood lagu qiimeeyay 242A·h tusaale ahaan, marka la eego shuruudaha SOC{2}}% iyo heerkul joogto ah oo ah 20 digrii, heerar dallacaad kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu dallaco. Natiijooyinka halbeegyada waxaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 3-1 iyo qalooca dallacaadda ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 3-12.
Shaxda 3-1 Qiyaasta Dallacaadda ee Heerarka Dallacaadda ee Kala duwan
| Hadda/A(Qiimaha) | CC -CV①Waqtiga guud | Wakhtiga Joogtada ah/sacadaha | Isugeynta Awoodda Lacageed/A·h | Wadarta Kharashka Tamarta/W·h | Awoodda Lacageed ee Joogtada ah ee Joogtada ah/A·h | Korantada Joogtada ah ee Tamarta Lagu Dalacayo/W·h | 170A·hTime/s | 170A·hCurrent/A |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.84/(0.02C) | 182220 | 182220 | 245.74 | 942.54 | 245.74 | 942.54 | 127400 | 4.85 |
| 12.1/(0.05C) | 72318.5 | 72318.5 | 243.70 | 935.37 | 243.70 | 935.37 | 50400 | 12.11 |
| 24.2/(0.1C) | 36206.8 | 35800 | 243.20 | 935.77 | 241.03 | 926.69 | 25200 | 24.24 |
| 48.4/(0.2C) | 18317.5 | 17560 | 241.08 | 933.32 | 236.32 | 912.16 | 12600 | 48.44 |
| 80.7/(0.33C) | 11443.6 | 10490 | 243.50 | 946.27 | 235.29 | 910.08 | 7590 | 80.76 |
| 121/(0.5C) | 7936.6 | 6900 | 243.92 | 952.95 | 232.09 | 900.85 | 5110 | 121.09 |
① CC, Joogtada Joogtada ah; CV, Voltage Joogtada ah.
Sida ku cad Jadwalka 3{14}}1, wakhtiga xaadirka ah ee joogtada ahi si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u yaraanayaa iyadoo la kordhinayo dallacaadda hadda, iyo awooda iyo tamarta lagu dalaci karo wakhtiga joogtada ah ayaa sidoo kale si tartiib tartiib ah u yaraanaya. Qaadashada awoodda dallacaadda iyo dallacaadda ee 1/2 (ie, SOC=50%) sida caadiga ah, wakhtiga dallacaadda ee loo baahan yahay waxa ay hoos u dhigtaa kororka dallacaadda hadda; wakhtiga loo baahan yahay 0.1C waa ku dhawaad 5 jeer marka loo eego 0.5C. Xaaladdan oo kale, farqiga hadda ee dallacaadda joogtada ah ayaa yar, markaa wakhtiga dallacaadda ee 30A·h ee ugu dambeeya aad ugama duwana. Sidaa darteed, gudaha batteriga ku dallacaadda la oggol yahay ee hadda, kordhinta dallacaadda hadda, in kasta oo la yareeyo awoodda iyo tamarta lagu dallaci karo hadda, waxay caawisaa dhimista guud ahaan wakhtiga dallacaadda. Codsiyada xirmada batteriga ee wax ku oolka ah, dallacaadda ugu badan ee la oggol yahay ee hadda ee baytariga lithium-ion ayaa loo isticmaali karaa dallacaadda, ka dib marka la gaaro xadka korantada, dallacaadda joogtada ah waa la samayn karaa. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa wakhtiga dallacaadda iyadoo la hubinayo badbaadada dallacaadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kordhinta dallacaadda hadda waxay sidoo kale horseedi doontaa korodhka tamarta luminta sababtoo ah caabbinta gudaha ee batteriga. Tamarta lagu isticmaalo iska caabbinta gudaha waxaa loo xisaabiyaa si waafaqsan isla'egta (3-4).
Halka E ay tahay tamarta ay cunaan iska caabbinta gudaha;
r waa iska caabbinta gudaha batteriga;
t waa doorsoomiyaha wakhtiga dallacaadda;
Waxaan ahay dallacaadda hadda;
t₁ iyo t₂ waa wakhtiyada bilawga iyo dhammaadka dallacadu
Tijaabo ballaadhan ayaa muujisay in iska caabbinta gudaha ee baytariyada lithium{0}ion ay isku beddelaan 0.4 mΩ inta lagu jiro dallacaadda. Sidaa darteed, isla'egta (3-4) waxay tusinaysaa in isticmaalka tamarta ay sabab u tahay iska caabbinta baytarigu gudaha asal ahaan toos ula xidhiidho wakhtiga dallacaadda, laakiin afar ahaan la xidhiidha dallacaadda hadda. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jira, baaxadda dallacaadda hadda ayaa ah qodobka aasaasiga ah ee saameeya isticmaalka tamarta iska caabbinta gudaha; Dallacaadda sare ee hadda jirta waxay keenaysaa isticmaalka tamar badan. Inta lagu jiro korantada joogtada ah, heerka hooseeya ee hadda jira, wakhtiga dallacadu wuxuu noqonayaa qodobka koowaad ee saameeya isticmaalka tamarta iska caabbinta gudaha; waqti dheer oo dallacadu waxay keenaysaa isticmaalka tamar badan. Iyadoo la tixgalinayo habka dallacaadda oo dhan, maadaama dallacadu hadda leedahay xidhiidh quadratic ah oo la leh isticmaalka tamarta iska caabbinta gudaha waana qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee saameeya, dallacaadda sare ee hadda jirta waxay keenaysaa isticmaalka tamarta iska caabinta gudaha ee weyn. Codsiyada batteriga ee wax ku oolka ah, dallacaadda ku habboon hadda waa in la doortaa iyadoo si buuxda loo tixgalinayo waqtiga dallacaadda iyo waxtarka labadaba.
(2) Saamaynta Qoto dheer ee Diidida Dareenka Astaamaha Heerkul joogto ah oo ah 20 digrii, tijaabada dheecaanka ayaa lagu sameeyay batari NCM ah{2}}oo leh awood lagu qiimeeyay 66.2 Ah. Bateriga waxaa lagu sii daayay 0.5C ilaa qoto dheer oo kala duwan (DOD) (10% → 100%), oo u dhiganta Xaaladda Kharashka (SOC) ee 90% →0%. Xogta korantada, hadda, iyo awoodda ayaa la duubay intii lagu jiray hawsha sii daynta. Ka dib nasashada 60 daqiiqo, batteriga waxaa lagu dallacay xadiga 0.5C (CC). Markii danabka goynta la gaaray, qaabka dallacaadda ayaa loo beddelay danab joogta ah (CV). Markii hadda uu ka yaraa 0.05C, habka waa la joojiyay, waxaana la duubay xogta tamarta, hadda iyo awoodda. Xogta khuseeya waxa lagu muujiyay shaxda 3{19}}2. Dallacaadaha hadda jira ee baytariga lithium-ion ee hoostooda mooladaha kala duwan ee xaaladaha sii daynta ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 3-13.
Shaxda 3-2 Ku dallacaadda Qiyaasaha Imtixaanka ee Qoto dheer ee Darida
| SOC | DOD | Soo dayn | Lacag | La siman-Awoodda Tamarta Lagu Dalacsiiyay①/W·h | La siman-Tamarta La Bixin karo②/W·h | Wakhtiga dallacaadda/daqadda | Wakhtiga Joogtada ah/daqqod | Awoodda Lacageed ee Joogtada ah ee Joogtada ah/A·h | Celceliska Awoodda Cutubka Wakhtiga Dallacaadda③/daq | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Awoodda/A·h | Tamarta/W·h | Awoodda/A·h | Tamarta/W·h | ||||||||
| 80.00 | 20.00 | 13.35 | 54.03 | 13.48 | 55.88 | 27.94 | 27.02 | 41.13 | 33.50 | 12.32 | 3.05 |
| 70.00 | 30.00 | 20.02 | 80.16 | 19.99 | 82.08 | 27.36 | 26.72 | 59.23 | 50.83 | 18.69 | 2.96 |
| 60.00 | 40.00 | 26.69 | 105.62 | 26.61 | 108.19 | 27.05 | 26.41 | 77.72 | 68.50 | 25.19 | 2.92 |
| 50.00 | 50.00 | 33.36 | 130.42 | 33.27 | 133.61 | 26.72 | 26.08 | 96.02 | 86.67 | 31.87 | 2.89 |
| 40.00 | 60.00 | 40.04 | 154.61 | 39.95 | 158.50 | 26.42 | 25.77 | 114.18 | 104.83 | 38.55 | 2.86 |
| 30.00 | 70.00 | 46.71 | 178.38 | 46.61 | 182.97 | 26.14 | 25.48 | 132.28 | 123.00 | 45.22 | 2.84 |
| 20.00 | 80.00 | 53.38 | 201.73 | 53.26 | 207.07 | 25.88 | 25.22 | 150.40 | 141.00 | 51.84 | 2.82 |
| 10.00 | 90.00 | 60.05 | 224.45 | 59.92 | 230.62 | 25.62 | 24.94 | 168.47 | 159.17 | 58.52 | 2.81 |
① Isku mid-Tamarta Awooda La Dalacay: Tamarta lagu dalaco isla beddelka SOC (tusaale, 10%). Tusaale ahaan: haddii awoodda dallacaadda ee 90% DOD ay tahay 30W·h, isla - awoodda lagu dallacay tamarta waa 30W·h; haddii awoodda dallacaadda ee 80% DOD ay tahay 50W·h, isla - awoodda lagu dallacay tamarta waa 25W·h.
② Siman-Tamarta La Sii daayo Awoodda: Tamarta lagu shubo isla isbeddelka SOC (tusaale, 10%).
③ Celceliska Wakhtiga Dallacaadda Cutubkiiba Awooda /daqadda: Wakhtiga Dallacaadda / Awoodda Dallacaadda.
Laga bilaabo Shaxda 3-2 iyo Jaantuska 3-13, gabagabada soo socota ayaa laga soo saari karaa:
1) Marka la sii daayo qoto dheer oo sii kordhaya, wakhtiga dallacadu wuu kordhaa, laakiin celceliska wakhtiga dallacaadda halbeegga ayaa hoos u dhacaya, taasoo la macno ah kororka wakhtiga dallacadu maaha mid u dhigma qoto dheeraanta dheecaanka.
2) Iyada oo qoto dheer oo sii kordhaya, saamiga wakhtiga dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jira ilaa wadarta wakhtiga dallacadu way korodhaa, iyo saamiga awoodda dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jira ee loo baahan yahay awoodda dallacadu way korodhaa. Dhab ahaantii, sifooyinkan waxaa inta badan sababa laba arrimood: marka hore, qoto dheer oo dheecaan ah ayaa u baahan waqti dheer si uu si buuxda u dallaco batteriga; labaad, qoto dheer oo qoto dheer oo dheecaan u dhigma kala duwanaanshaha danab hoose, taasoo keentay in tamar yar lagu dallaci batteriga hoos isku mid ah xaaladaha hadda iyo dallacaadda wakhtiga.
(3) Saamaynta heerkulku ku leeyahay Dallacaadda Tilmaamaha Lithium{1} baytariyada ion ayaa lagu dalacay heerkul deegaan oo kala duwan. Qaadashada tusaale ahaan 66.2 Ah NCM lithium - batari ion ah, habka xaddidaadda tamarta joogtada ah iyo tamarta ayaa la isticmaalay. Qiyaasta dallacaadda ayaa la duubay iyadoo xadka hadda la dallacay uu yahay 1.3 A iyo 3.3 A, sida ku cad Shaxda 3{11}}3. Marka la eego isla hadda la sii daayo, korantada batteriga waxay la kulmi doontaa hoos u dhac fiiqan, sida ku cad Jaantuska 3-13. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah danabku weli wuu sarreeyaa, tamarta dheecaanku weli waa sarraysaa. Marxaladda ugu horreysa ee dheecaanka, tamarta uu isticmaalo batteriga iska caabbinta gudaha waxay kordhisaa heerkulka batteriga, waxay wanaajisaa dhaqdhaqaaqa walxaha firfircoon ee baytariyada lithium-ion, waxayna kor u qaadaysaa tamarta batteriga, sidaas awgeed waxay kordhisaa tamarta la sii deyn karo. Marxaladaha dhexe iyo kuwa dambe ee sii daynta, korantada batteriga ayaa hoos u dhacda, tamarta la sii daayo halbeeg kasta ayaa hoos u dhacda si waafaqsan.
Heerkul isku mid ah iyo isla korantada joojinta dheecaanka, dareeraha joojinta kala duwan ayaa keeni doona kala duwanaansho awoodda iyo tamarta la sii daayo. Guud ahaan, marka la eego xaaladaha heerkulka caadiga ah, hoos u dhaca hadda, waa ka weyn yahay awoodda iyo tamarta la sii daayo. Sida tijaabada sii daynta ee aan kor ku soo sheegnay, 0.2C waxa uu sii daayaa 3.2% awood iyo tamar ka badan 1C.
