Habka dallacaadda degdega ah
Si loo kordhiyo xawaaraha falcelinta kiimikaad ee baytariyada, soo gaabiyo wakhtiga ay ku qaadanayso inay gaadhaan lacag buuxa, oo la yareeyo ama la dhimo polarization ee taarikada togan iyo kuwa taban, si kor loogu qaado waxtarka batteriga, tignoolajiyada dallacaadda degdega ah ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray sannadihii u dambeeyay. Hababka dallacaadda degdegga ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo ayaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay. Hababkan waxaa loo qaabeeyey hareeraha qalooca dallacaadda ugu fiican, iyaga oo ujeedadoodu tahay in laga dhigo qalooca dallacaadda dhabta ah sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee qalooca ugu fiican.
Habka dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha
Habka dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha ayaa marka hore batteriga ku dallacaaya garaaca garaaca wadnaha, ka dib wuxuu joojinayaa dallacaadda muddo wakhti ah, ka dibna wuxuu ku dalacayaa batteriga mar kale garaac garaaca wadnaha, isagoo ku celcelinaya wareeggan, sida ku cad sawirka 11-5. garaaca garaaca garaaca ayaa si buuxda u dallaca batteriga, halka inta u dhaxaysaa ay u ogolaanayso wakhti ogsijiinta iyo hydrogen ay soo saarto falcelinta kiimikaad in ay dib isugu soo noqoto oo la nuugo, iyada oo si dabiici ah meesha uga saaraysa fiirsashada fiirsashada iyo polarization ohmic. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa cadaadiska gudaha batteriga, taas oo u oggolaanaysa wareegga xiga ee dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jira inay si habsami leh u socoto oo awood u siinaysa batteriga inuu nuugo lacag badan. Garaacyada isdhaafsiga ah waxay siiya batteriga waqti falcelin ku filan, hoos u dhigida horumarka gaaska iyo hagaajinta ku dallaca batteriga heerka aqbalaadda hadda.
Ku dallaca garaaca wadnaha waxa uu wanaajin karaa ku dallaca batteriga iyo dallacaadda waxtarka leh, waxa uu kaydiyaa wakhtiga dallaca, oo waxa uu kordhiyaa cimriga batteriga, laakiin shuruudaha qaarkood waa in la buuxiyaa.
Maaddaama baytariyada lithium-ka{0}Iyoonku ay ugu horrayn ku tiirsan yihiin dhaq-dhaqaaqa soo noqnoqda ee lithium ions ee ku jira cathode, anode, iyo electrolyte inta lagu jiro dallacaadda iyo sii daynta, kordhinta heerka dhaqdhaqaaqa ion iyo iskudarka faafinta waa lama huraan si loo gaaro yoolka lagu badbaadinayo wakhtiga iyo hagaajinta waxtarka dallacaadda. Qiyaasta dallacaadda aan habboonayn ama qaybinta kaliya kuma guul darreyso in la gaaro yoolka la rabo laakiin sidoo kale waxay dedejin doontaa gabowga batteriga. Sida ku cad Jaantuska 11-2, mar kasta oo ay sare u kacdo heerka dallacadu, waa ay yaraanaysaa awoodda la dallaci karo.
Falanqaynta sifada korantada waxay tusinaysaa in heerka ku dallaca ee baytariyada lithium{0}Ion inta badan ay xadidan tahay heerka fidinta ee ion lithium iyo sifooyinka walxaha korantada togan iyo kuwa taban. Isticmaalka isla'egta (11{3}}3), isla'egta fidinta lithium-ion waa la samayn karaa.
Qaaciddada, CL waxay u taagan tahay lithium-ka - ion; x waxay ka dhigan tahay fogaanta fidinta; t waxay ka dhigan tahay wakhtiga fidinta; iyo DLi waxay matalaysaa lithium - ion faafinta isku xidhka
Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in baytariyada lithium{0}ion ay muujiyaan laba xilli oo gabow degdeg ah inta lagu jiro baaritaanka wareegga:
1) Muddada samaynta filimka SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interphase), oo ah habka cunaya qayb ka mid ah ions lithium ee la heli karo si loo sameeyo filimka SEI ee dusha sare ee korantada.
2) Dhamaadka wareeg kasta oo dallacaadda, caabbinta hijrada lithium ions ee wareegga dareeraha ee batteriga waa mid yar, halka isku-dhafka fidinta ee wajiga adag uu yahay mid yar. Sidaa darteed, haddii dallacadu aad u weyn tahay dhamaadka wareegga dallacaadda, tiro badan oo ah ion lithium-ion ayaa xoogga saari doona dusha sare ee korantada, taas oo si fudud u horseedi karta sameynta birta lithium waxayna yareyneysaa nuxurka lithium ion.
Sameynta filimka SEI ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh nolosha batteriga. Haddii filimka SEI ee wanaagsan aan la samayn karin, in kasta oo batteriga laga yaabo inuu leeyahay kharash sare / hufnaan wax ku ool ah iyo awoodda la isticmaali karo ee heerarka hore ee kharashka / daadinta, awoodda ayaa si aad ah hoos ugu dhigi doonta tirada wareegyada sii kordhaya, gaar ahaan hooseeya - hababka dallaca garaaca wadnaha hadda. Sidaa darteed, lithium - luminta ion marxaladda koowaad waa lama huraan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiga xaadirka ah inta lagu jiro dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha waa inuusan noqon mid aad u sarreeya. Xad-dhaafka xad-dhaafka ah wuxuu sababi doonaa samaynta filimka SEI ee aan sinnayn, dhumucda filimka SEI ee degdega ah, iyo korodhka weyn ee caabbinta, hoos u dhigista tirada ions ee la isticmaali karo oo horseedaysa luminta awoodda.
Dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha ayaa ugu horayn ka faa'iidaysa joojinta dallacaadda ama dib u soo dajinta si loo baabi'iyo polarization inta lagu jiro habka dallacaadda. Polarization waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa nooca batteriga, habka wax soo saarka, iyo sifooyinka alaabta, iyo kala duwanaanshuhu waa mid adag. Horumarka joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada batteriga, polarization si fiican ayaa loo xakameeyay. Sidaa darteed, faa'iidooyinka hababka dallaca garaaca wadnaha caadiga ah maaha sida loogu dhawaaqo. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la isku daro cabbiraadaha sifada batteriga ee ku habboon-ilaalinta wakhtiga oo la hagaajiyo baaxadda iyo wareegga garaaca garaaca garaaca wadnaha si batteriga loogu ilaaliyo xaalad shaqo oo wanaagsan{5}qaabka dallacaadda caqliga leh ee gadaal lagu sharraxay.
Habka Dallacaadda Degdegga ah Reflex™
Habka dallacaadda degdega ah ee ReflexTM waa tignoolajiyada la ruqseeyay ee Maraykanka, markii hore loogu talagalay in lagu dallaco nikkel{0}} baytariyada cadmium. Habkan dallacaadda waxa uu yareeyaa dhibka saamaynta xusuusta ee nikkel{2}} baytariyada cadmium, sidaas awgeed waxa ay si weyn u dhimaysaa wakhtiga dallacaadda degdega ah. Marka la barbar dhigo hababka dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha, qaabka ugu weyn ee habka dallacaadda degdega ah ee ReflexTM waa ku darida garaaca garaaca taban. Nidaamkeedu wuxuu isticmaalaa saameynta "caqabadda" ee ay bixiso garaaca taban si loo baabi'iyo goobooyin ka soo baxa dusha elektiroonigga inta lagu jiro habka falcelinta, hoos u dhigista heerkulka heerkulka iyo kordhinta caabbinta gudaha inta lagu jiro dallacaadda batteriga. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa tamarta korantada in loo beddelo tamar kiimikaad gudaha batteriga sida ugu macquulsan, iyadoo gacan ka geysaneysa baabi'inta polaration-ka-fiirsashada ee ay keento fidinta gaabis ah, hagaajinta heerka isticmaalka walxaha firfircoon ee ku dhex jira batteriga, oo sidaas darteed kordhinta tirada lacag bixinta- wareegyada sii deynta.
Sida ku cad Jaantus 11-6, hal wareeg oo shaqo oo ah habka dallacaadda degdega ah ee ReflexTM waxa ka mid ah saddex marxaladood: garaaca garaaca wadnaha oo hore, garaaca garaaca garaaca degdega ah ee rogaal celiska ah, iyo hakad ku dallacaadda dayactirka. Shaqada garaaca garaaca hore ee garaaca wadnaha waa in la bixiyo garaaca garaaca garaaca garaaca togan si loo dallaco batteriga; Shaqada garaaca garaaca wadnaha ee degdega ah waa in la sameeyo ions elektrolytka si siman si ay u daahiyaan falcelinta polarization ee gudaha batteriga, si kor loogu qaado waxtarka dallacaadda iyo kordhinta nolosha batteriga; Shaqada marxaladda dallacaadda joojinta joogsiga waa in la sameeyo ion elektrolytka si siman u kala firdhiso oo la yareeyo ifafaalaha polarization, si kor loogu qaado waxtarka dallacaadda iyo kordhinta nolosha batteriga.
Habka Dallacaadda Joogtada ah ee Joogtada ah ee Isbeddelka ah
Habka dallacaadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee doorsoomayaasha hadda waxay ku salaysan tahay dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jirta iyo dallaca garaaca wadnaha, sida ku cad sawirka 11-7. Dabeecaddeedu waa in qaybta dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jirta lagu beddelo qayb ku dallacaadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee hadda xaddidan. Marxaladaha hore ee dallacaadda, doorsoomayaasha dallacaadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee hadda jira waxa loo isticmaalaa si loo hubiyo dallacaadda sare ee hadda oo loo helo inta badan qaddarka dallacaadda.
Inta lagu jiro marxaladaha dambe ee dallacaadda, heerka dallacaadda joogtada ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo helo kharash dheeraad ah oo loogu soo celiyo batteriga xaalad buuxda. Iyagoo si aan kala go' lahayn u joojinaya dallacaadda, ogsijiinta iyo hydrogen-ka ay soo saarto fal-celinta kiimikaad ee baytarigu waxay helayaan wakhti ay dib isugu keenaan oo la nuugo, iyagoo si dabiici ah meesha uga saaraya fiirsashada isku-ururinta iyo polarization ohmic. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa cadaadiska gudaha ee batteriga, taas oo u oggolaanaysa wareegga xiga ee dallacaadda joogtada ah ee hadda jira inay si habsami leh u socoto oo awood u siinaysa batteriga inuu nuugo koronto badan.
Iyada oo ku saleysan doorsoomiyaha habka dallacaadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee hadda jira, habka dallacaadda korantada ee doorsoome ayaa la soo jeediyay, sida ku cad jaantuska 11-8. Farqiga u dhexeeya danab doorsoomayaasha iyo hababka dallacaadda joogtada ah ee doorsoomuhu waa in marxaladda koowaad aysan ahayn koronto joogto ah oo joogto ah, balse ay tahay danab joogto ah oo joogto ah.
Isbarbardhigga jaantusyada 11-7 iyo 11-8, waxaa la arki karaa in Jaantuska 11-8 uu si fiican uga tarjumayo qalooca dallacaadda ugu fiican. Marxalad kasta oo dallacaadda joogtada ah, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay dallacaadda joogtada ah ee danab, dallacaadda hadda si dabiici ah ayaa hoos ugu dhacda, iyadoo la socota sifada in hadda batteriga la aqbali karo uu si tartiib tartiib ah hoos ugu dhaco inta lagu jiro habka dallacaadda.
Voltage-ka-beddeli kara, Hirarka Hadda Jira oo beddeli kara
Isku darka faa'iidooyinka dallacaadda garaaca wadnaha, Reflex™ dallacaadda degdega ah, dallacaadda dhexdhexaadka ah ee hadda taagan doorsoomaysa, iyo dallacaadda korantada ee doorsooma, hirarka hadda taagan{0}nooca togan iyo eber taban{1}}qaabka dallacaadda degdegga ah ee garaaca wadnaha ayaa la sameeyay oo la adeegsaday. Xakamaynta wareegga dallaca garaaca garaaca wadnaha guud ahaan wuxuu u qaybsamaa laba qaybood:
1) Baaxadda garaaca garaaca wadnaha hadda waa doorsooma, halka inta jeer ee calaamada PWM (power PWM) ay go'an tahay.
2) Baaxadda garaaca garaaca wadnaha waa mid joogto ah, halka inta jeer ee calaamada PWM la hagaajin karo.
Jaantuska 11-9 wuxuu shaqeeyaa habka xakamaynta ee ka duwan labadan: labadaba xajmiga garaaca wadnaha iyo inta jeer ee calaamada PWM waa mid go'an, halka wareegga waajibaadka PWM la hagaajin karo. Marka lagu daro marxaladda dallacaadda/joojinta joogtada ah, lacag badan ayaa lagu heli karaa wakhti gaaban, iyada oo wanaajinaysa awoodda aqbalaadda dallacaadda batteriga.
Qaab kasta oo dallacadu wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin u gaar ah iyo baaxadda codsiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka baahsan ee baabuurta korontada, baahida loo qabo in lagu dallaco xawaaraha ayaa sii kordhaya, taasoo keentay in ay soo baxdo ku dallacaadda smart. Dallacaadda casriga ah waxay ujeedadeedu tahay inay si buuxda u dallaciso batteriga ama ay ku gaadho awood go'an muddo gaaban gudaheed. Tan waxaa lagu gaaraa in la isku hagaajiyo qiimaha hadda jira iyadoo loo eegayo Xaaladda Kharashka batteriga (SOC) iyo Xaaladda Caafimaadka (SOH), taasoo ka dhigaysa wakhtiga dallacaadda mid la mid ah ka shidaal-qaadista baabuur dhaqameed.
Dallacaadda smart ayaa soo jiidatay dareenka baahsan. Cilmi-baadhayaasha adduunka oo dhan ayaa diiradda saaraya kheyraadka muhiimka ah ee cilmi-baarista xeeladaha xakamaynta lacag-bixinta si loo hagaajiyo qiimaha lacag-bixinta iyadoo si wax-ku-ool ah loo hubinayo cimriga batteriga. Tani, markeeda, waxay kor u qaadaysaa waxqabadka iyo aqbalaadda bulshada ee baabuurta korontada.
