Waa maxay LiFePO4 ku jira baytariyada lithium?
Hordhac Walxaha Fosfate ee Birta Lithium
Lithium iron phosphate ( formula molecular LiFePO₄, lithium iron fosfate, LFP, sidoo kale loo yaqaan lithium iron fosfate ama ferrous lithium phosphate) waa maaddo cathode ah oo loo isticmaalo baytariyada lithium{0}}. Sifooyinkeeda ayaa ah in aysan ku jirin waxyaabo qaali ah sida cobalt ama nikkel, qiimaha alaabta ceeriin waa hooseeya; iyo kaarboon, lithium, iyo birta ayaa ku badan qolofka dhulka, kuwaas oo dabooli kara baahida suuqa ee in ka badan hal milyan oo tan sanadkii. Maaddada cathode ahaan, fosfateta birta lithium waxay leedahay danab shaqaynaysa dhexdhexaad ah (3.2 V), awood gaar ah oo sarreeya (170 mA·h/g), awoodda dheecaanka sare leh, awoodda ku dallacaadda degdegga ah, iyo nolosha wareegga dheer, oo leh xasillooni wanaagsan oo heersare ah- kulayl iyo heerkul sare- bay'adaha kulaylka.
Karistaanka phosphate iron lithium waxaa iska leh hal nooc oo qaab dhismeed olivine ah. Mineralogy-ga, waxa lagu magacaabaa triphylite, oo ka soo jeeda ereyga Giriigga ee xididdada tri iyo lylon. Macdanta, midabku wuxuu noqon karaa cawl, guduudan - bunni cawl, bunni, ama madow, halka alaabta dhabta ahi ay yihiin madow ama cawl-madow. Maaddooyinka macdanta dabiiciga ah qaarkood waxa ku jira lithium iron fosfate, laakiin darajadu way yar tahay mana gaadho heerka codsiga la taaban karo. Fosfooraska birta ee Lithium waxaa iska leh qaybta fosfateed ee isku dhafan, qaacideeda guud ee kiimikada waa inay noqotaa LiMPO₄, halkaasoo M ay noqon karto bir kasta oo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan Fe, Co, Mn, Ti, iwm Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xeryahooda leh qaab dhismeedka olivine, phosphate iron lithium ma aha ka kaliya ee loo isticmaali karo sida walxaha cathode ee lithium{8}} baytariyada ion. Marka loo eego aqoonta hadda, waxaa sidoo kale jira LiMnPO₄, LiMnFePO₄, LiVPO₄, LiCoPO₄, iyo qalab kale oo badan.
Asalka maaddooyinka fosfooraska birta ee lithium waxaa dib loo raadin karaa ilaa 1996, markii shirkadda isgaarsiinta Japan ee NTT ay markii ugu horreysay ogaatay in AMPO₄ (A waa birta alkali, M waa Co ama Fe) oo leh qaab dhismeed olivine ah, marka la isku daro LiFeCoPO₄, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa lithium{1} ion batari cathode ah. Ka dib, waxaa helay kooxda cilmi-baarista ee Goodenough ee Machadka Teknolojiyadda Massachusetts ee Mareykanka, iyadoo la baranayo isku-dhafka qaab-dhismeedka, in maadada fosfateed ee birta ee lithium ay leedahay hantida la beddeli karo ee lithium - ion (Li⁺) isdhexgalka iyo kala-goynta. Bishii Abriil 23, 1997, Jaamacadda Texas ee Austin waxay xaraysay patent cinwaankeedu yahay "Alaabada Cathode ee baytariyada sare ee lithium ee dib loo dajin karo" (WO1997010541), taasoo calaamad u ah bilawga hal-abuurka patent-ka ee alaabta fosfateed ee lithium.
Daabacaada isku mar ah ee olivine{0}phosphate (LiMPO₄) walxaha kathode ee Maraykanka iyo Japan ayaa soo jiidatay dareen weyn, waxay kicisay cilmi baaris ballaaran, oo si degdeg ah u horumarisay habka warshadaynta. Marka la barbar dhigo lithium-dhaqameedka -aladaha katoode ee baytariyada sare ee ion{3}}spinel{4}}lithium manganese oxide habaysan (LiMn₂O₄) iyo lakabyo{5}lithium kobalt oxide qaabaysan (LiCoO₄)-LiMPO Gaar ahaan, badbaadada ayaa si weyn loo hagaajiyay, taasoo kicisay xiisaha weyn ee cilmi-baarayaasha iyo warshadaha.
Marka loo eego natiijooyinka cilmi-baadhista sannadihii u dambeeyay, maadada fosfateed birta ee lithium waxay leedahay qaab dhismeed olivine ah oo si fiican{0}crystallized, iyo lithium{1}}kanaalada faafinta ionku way ka duwan yihiin kuwa agabka cathode dhaqameed. Qalabka cathode-dhaqameedku waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeed lakab ama lafdhabarta, taas oo u oggolaanaysa ion lithium inay si degdeg ah u dhex maraan lakabyada ama kanaalada waaweyn, sidaas darteed agabka ku siinaya waxqabad wanaagsan oo dheecaan ah. Taas beddelkeeda, kanaalada fidinta lithium{4} ion ee agabyada fosfateed birta lithium waa hal-cabbir, taasoo la macno ah in kristaanka dhexdiisa uu jiro "tunnel" lithium-ka oo kaliya - fidinta ion, markaa heerka hijrada lithium - heerka socdaalka waa mid gaabis ah masaafada fidintuna waa gaaban tahay. Khaasatan marka ay jiraan{9}xaaladaha dheecaanka sare, ion lithium-ka gudaha ma guuri karaan wakhtiga, taas oo keentay kala soocida korantada ee muhiimka ah.
Baytariyada waxaa lagu samayn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo lithium bir fosfateed oo saafi ah si loo xaqiijiyo gabagabada kore. Tijaabooyinku waxay muujiyeen in isticmaalka awoodda ka faa'iidaysiga maadada fosfateed ee birta ee lithium ay aad u hooseyso, iyo batarigu uu la kulmo awood kororsi degdeg ah inta lagu jiro baaskiilka. Jaantuska 2.1 waxa uu tusinayaa waxqabadka baaskiilka ee unugga qadaadiicda lithium -ion coin ee uu sameeyay qoraaga isaga oo isticmaalaya hawo-dhaliye la farsameeyay oo saafi ah lithium iron fosfate (aan lahayn dahaadh kaarboon). Waxa la arki karaa in ku dhawaad 15 wareegyada xajmi-qaadista ka dib, awoodda batarigu uu qudhmay in ka badan 20%. Sidaa darteed, maaddada fosfateed ee birta lithium ee saafiga ah kuma habboona lithium{8}}nidaamka baytariga.
Sannadkii 2000, Hydro{1}Québec (H{2}}Q), utility dadweynaha qaranka Kanada, ayaa ahayd tii ugu horreysay ee fayl-garaysa rukhsadda dahaadhka fosfateetka birta ee lithium oo leh agab wax dhaqaajiya, oo ay ku jiraan isticmaalka daahan kaarboon ee agabka fosfateed birta lithium. Tani waxay awood u siisay lithium birta fosfateed inay gaadho awood gaar ah oo sare waxayna kordhisay nolosheeda meertada in ka badan 2000 wareeg. Tani waxay calaamad u tahay bilawga geeddi-socodka warshadaynta ee fosfooraska birta ee lithium sida maaddada cathode.
