Waa maxay unugga baytarigu?
Qaab-dhismeedka Unugga
Hal batari, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan "unug", waa unugga ugu yar nidaamka batteriga. Waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay cathode (Cathode Electrode), anode (Anode Electrode), electrolyte (Electrolyte), kala-soocida (Separator), iyo kiis (Case), sida ku cad Jaantuska 7-1.
Xaashida korantada ee unugga lithium{0}ion waxa loo kala saari karaa sida walxo isku dhafan, oo inta badan ka kooban afar qaybood:
1) Qaybaha walxaha firfircoon ee isku-dhafan ama kala qaybiya ion lithium; Qaybaha cathode waxay bixiyaan ilaha lithium, halka qaybaha anode ay aqbalaan ion lithium.
2) Wajiga korantada (wejiga jel kaarboon) oo ay sameeyeen isku dhafka wakiilka korantada iyo ururiyaha hadda jira, oo leh xiraha u adeega shaqada isku xirnaanta; dahaarka wuxuu sameeyaa electrons iyada oo loo marayo ururiyaha hadda iyo wakiilka conductive.
3) Daloollo ay ka buuxaan elektrolyte, kuwaas oo u adeega sida kanaalada lithium{1}} gaadiidka ku dhex jira xaashida korantada.
4)Ururiyaha hadda jira.
Inta lagu jiro habka korantada kiimikaad, dahaarka korantada ayaa inta badan ku lug leh 4 hababka soo socda:
1)Gaadiidka korantada.
2)Gaadiidka ion.
3) Isku-beddelka khidmadda ee is-dhexgalka walxaha elektrolytka / electrode, ie, falcelinta korantada.
4) Fidinta ions lithium ee wajiga adag. Qaab-dhismeedka-yar ee xaashida korantada, cabbirka walxaha iyo qaybintu waxay saameeyaan dariiqa faafinta lithium-ka iyo aagga gaarka ah ee falcelinta korantada; xajmiga daloolka iyo qaybintu waxay saameeyaan habka gaadiidka ee elektrolytka; porosity waxay saamaysaa qadarka walxaha firfircoon iyo aagga gaarka ah ee falcelinta elektiroonigga ah. Dhammaan sifooyinkan qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ayaa ugu dambeyntii saameeya waxqabadka batteriga.
Qaab dhismeedka Cathode
Katoode unuggu wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay walxaha cathode sida LiCoO₂, wakiilka conductive, binder (PVDF), iyo ururiyaha hadda (PVDF).aluminium foil), sida ku cad sawirka 7-2.
Wixii ah baytariyada lithium -, ururiyaha hadda jira ee cathode inta badan waa foil aluminium iyo soo ururiyaha hadda jirabireed naxaas ah. Si loo hubiyo xasilloonida ururiyaha hadda ee gudaha batteriga, nadiifnimada labaduba waa inay ka sarreeyaan 98%. Sababaha ay baytariyada lithium - ayon baytariyada u isticmaalaan foil aluminium ee cathode iyo foil naxaasta anode waa 3 dhibcood ee soo socda:
1) Copper iyo aluminiumku waxay leeyihiin koronto wanaagsan, jilicsanaan, iyo qiimo jaban. Mabda'a shaqada ee baytariga lithium - waa qalab kiimiko kiimiko ah oo tamarta kiimikaad u beddela tamar koronto. Nidaamkan, dhexdhexaadiye ayaa loo baahan yahay si loogu wareejiyo tamarta kiimikada tamarta korontada, taas oo u baahan walxo korantada. Waxyaabaha caadiga ah, biraha waxay leeyihiin korantada ugu fiican, iyo biraha dhexdooda, naxaasta iyo aluminiumku waxay bixiyaan labadaba dabeecad aad u fiican iyo qiimo jaban oo ah qaabka foornada naxaasta iyo aluminium aluminium. Batariyada lithium-ka -, waxa jira inta badan laba hab oo wax lagu sameeyo: dabaylaha iyo is dulsaarka. Marka la barbar dhigo is dulsaarka, dabayshu waxay u baahan tahay xaashida korantada ee loo isticmaalo diyaarinta batteriga si ay u yeeshaan dabacsanaan gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xaashida korantada aysan noqon kuwo jajaban ama jabin inta lagu jiro dabaysha. Waxyaabaha birta ah waxaa ka mid ah, naxaasta iyo aluminium foils waa jilicsan, naxaas/aluminium foils-ka adag waa qaali, naxaasta iyo aluminium foils waa kuwo raqiis ah, iyo kheyraadka naxaasta iyo aluminiumku waa ku badan yihiin adduunka oo dhan.
2) Naxaasta iyo aluminium foils sidoo kale waa kuwo deggan hawada. Aluminiumku wuxuu si fudud ula falgalaa kiimiko ahaan iyadoo ogsijiin hawada ku jirta si ay u sameeyaan filim oksaydh cufan oo dushiisa ah, kana hortagaya falcelin dheeraad ah oo aluminium ah. Filimkan oksaydhka ah ee naxaasta/aluminiumku waxa kale oo uu bixiyaa saamayn difaac gaar ah oo ku saabsan aluminiumka elektrolytka. Copper lafteedu aad bay u deggan tahay hawadu, asal ahaanna ma gasho fal-celin kiimikaad hawada engegan.
3) Awoodaha cathode iyo anode ee baytariyada lithium - baytariyada ion waxay go'aamiyaan in foil aluminium loo isticmaalo cathode iyo bireed naxaasta ah anode, lamana rogi karo Awoodda cathode-ka waa mid sarreeya, foornada naxaasta ah ayaa si fudud u oksaydhaysan awood sare leh, halka aluminiumku leeyahay awood sare oo oksaydh ah iyo filim cufan oo cufan ah oo ku yaal lakabka dusha sare, kaas oo sidoo kale siinaya ilaalin wanaagsan aluminium gudaha ah.
Shabakadda crystal ee aluminium macdan ah, naxaasta iyo aluminiumku waxay leeyihiin cabbirro la mid ah Li waxayna si sahal ah u samayn karaan xeryahooda intermetallic Li sida LiAl. Li iyo Al kaliya ma samayn karaan daawaha leh qaacidada kiimikaad ee LiAl, laakiin waxa ay sidoo kale samayn karaan Li₉ Al₄, Li₃Al₂, Li₅Al iyo Li₂Al Alloy layers. Lakabyadan daawaha ah waxay lumiyaan xaddi badan oo Li ah waxayna dhaawacaan dhismaha iyo qaab-dhismeedka Al laftiisa, sidaa darteed looma isticmaali karo ururiyaha hadda jira ee lithium{2}} baytariyada ion; halka Cu uu ku dhaco kala dirid aad u yar inta lagu jiro kharashka batteriga - sii daaya oo uu ilaalinayo xasiloonida qaab dhismeedka iyo korantada, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku haboon ururiyaha hadda jira ee lithium{4}} baytariyada ion. Foornada naxaasta ah ee 3.5V, hadda polarization-ku wuxuu bilaabaa inuu si weyn u kordho oo u kaco si toos ah, oo leh oksaydhyo la xoojiyay, taas oo muujinaysa in Cu uu sidoo kale bilaabo inuu ku milmo batteriga; halka foil aluminium ah oo dhan oo dhan kala duwan ee suurtogalka ah polarization, polarization hadda waa yar yahay oo xasiloon, iyada oo aan ifafaale daxalka cad lagu arkay, ilaalinta xasiloonida electrochemical. Maadaama qadarka kala dirida Al ee katoode ee awooda lithium-ka - baytariyada ion ay aad u yar yihiin iyo xasiloonida elektiroonigga ah waa la ilaalin karaa, waxay ku haboon tahay ururiyaha hadda jira ee cathode ee lithium-ka{9}} baytariyada ion.
Lakabka oksaydhka ee dusha naxaasta/aluminiumka ah waxaa iska leh semiconductors wuxuuna qabtaa electrons; haddii lakabka oksaydhku uu aad u qaro weyn yahay, caqabadu waa weyn tahay; halka lakabka aluminium oxide ee dusha aluminiumku uu yahay insulator oo aan samayn karin koronto, laakiin sababtoo ah waa mid aad u khafiif ah, korantada elektaroonigga ah waxaa lagu gaaraa saameynta tunneling; haddii lakabka oksaydhku uu dhumuc weyn yahay, korantada naxaasta / aluminium-ka bireedku waa mid liita ama xitaa dahaarka. Guud ahaan, foornada naxaasta/aluminiumku waxay u baahan tahay in laga nadiifiyo lakabka oksaydhka ka hor inta aan la isticmaalin si looga saaro saliidda dhinaca iyo lakabyada oksaydhka qaro weyn oo kale ah. Awoodda cathode waa mid sarreeya, lakabka aluminium oxide waa mid aad u cufan, kaas oo ka hortagi kara oksaydhka ururiyaha hadda jira. Lakabyada oksaydhka ee naxaasta/nikkel iwm waa kuwo dabacsan, si fududna uga hortagaya ururiyaha hadda jira oo bixiya hawl-qabad fiican oo baytari ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, awoodda anode ee baytariyada lithium - baytariyada ion waa hooseeyaa, iyo naxaasta/nikkel waxay mari doontaa falcelin oksidhayn ah, oo leh oxidation/copper/de{6} falcelin lithion ah oo ku dhaca dusha naxaasta/nickel, halka aluminiumku uu marto LiAl alloying awood sare leh.
Ururiyaha hadda wuxuu u baahan yahay ka kooban saafi ah. Nijaasta ku jirta Al waxay ka dhigi doontaa filimka dusha sare inuu yaraado oo uu keeno daxalka godka, iyo xitaa aad u daran, burburinta filimka dusha sare waxay keenaysaa samaynta daawaha LiAl.
Ururiyaha hadda wuxuu u baahan yahay ka kooban saafi ah. Nijaasta ku jirta Al waxay keeni doontaa in filimka dusha sare uu noqdo mid cufan, taasoo keenta daxalka, iyo xitaa ka sii daran, burburinta filimka dusha sare waxay keenaysaa samaynta daawaha LiAl.
Wixii ah baytariyada lithium{0}Ion, foil-ka aluminium ee cathode waxaa laga dhigay 16μm ilaa 14μm, ka dibna laga dhigay 12μm, oo hadda 10μm aluminium foil ayaa durba ku jira wax soo saar ballaaran, iyadoo qaarkood xitaa isticmaalayaan 8μm; for the foil naxaasta anode, ay sabab u tahay dabacsanaan dabiiciga ah oo wanaagsan, dhumucdiisuna waa la dhimay 12μm hore ilaa 10μm, ka dibna ilaa 8μm, iyo hadda qayb weyn oo baytariyada waxaa la soo saaray isticmaalaya 6μm, halka saarayaasha qaar ka mid ah ay horumariyaan 5μm/4μm kuwaas oo sidoo kale waa la isticmaali karo. Maaddaama baytariyada lithium{14} ion ay leeyihiin shuruudo nadiif ah oo sarreeya ee foornada naxaasta ah ee la isticmaalo, cufnaanta walxaha asal ahaan waa isku heer. Marka dhumucdiisu hoos u dhacdo, cufnaanta aaggu sidaas ayuu u yaraanayaa, miisaanka baytariguna si dabiici ah ayuu u noqonayaa mid fudud oo fudud, kaas oo buuxinaya baahida baytariyada lithium{16}}.
Uruurinta hadda, marka lagu daro dhumucdooda iyo culeyskooda saameeya baytariyada lithium{0}, sifooyinka dusha sare ee ururiyaha hadda ayaa sidoo kale saameyn weyn ku leh wax soo saarka batteriga. Khaasatan ururiyaha hadda jira ee anode-ka, cilladaha ku jira tignoolajiyada diyaarinta awgeed, foils-ka naxaasta ah ee suuqa yaalaa badanaa waa hal -mid qallafsan, labajibbaaran{3}labo-qaran, iyo labajibaaran- nuucyo guracan. Qaabdhismeedkan asymmetric-ga ah ee labada dhinac ah- wuxuu u horseedi doonaa iska caabin aan toos ahayn ee daahan anode-ka ee labada dhinac, si looga hortago sii daynta lebiska ee awoodda anode ee labada dhinac; Isla mar ahaantaana, asymmetry ee labada dhinac waxay sidoo kale sababi doontaa awoodda ku dheggan ee dahaarka anode-ka, taasoo keeneysa lacag aad u ba'an oo aan dheeli tirnayn-nolosha wareegga wareegga wareegga anode-ka ee labada dhinac, taas oo iyaduna kordhisa awoodda batteriga.
Samaynta cathode ee hal unug ayaa ah tignoolajiyada ugu muhiimsan ee unugga. Hoos waxaa ah tusaale:
1) LiCoO₂ (10μm): 96.0%.
2)Wakiilka wax-qabadka (Kaarboon ECP): 2.0%.
3) Binder (PVDF 761): 2.0%.
4) Dhiirigeliyaha Adhesion (NMP): Saamiga miisaanka walxaha adag waa qiyaastii 810:1496.
Taxadirrada samaynta Cathode:
1)Cathode slurry viscosity control at 6000cP (1cP=1mPa · s) (heerkulka 25 darajo).
2) Miisaanka NMP waa in si habboon loo hagaajiyaa si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha viscosity.
3) Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo saameynta heerkulka iyo qoyaanka ay ku leeyihiin viscosity.
Maaddada Cathode lithium cobalt oxide: Maaddada firfircoon ee Cathode, isha lithium ion, waxay siisaa isha lithium ee batteriga. Walaxda aan - aan ahayn, qaab aan joogto ahayn, cabbirka walxaha D50 guud ahaan 6-8μm, nuxurka qoyaanka In ka yar ama la mid ah 0.2%, inta badan alkaline, pH 10-11.
Maaddada Cathode lithium manganese oxide: Walaxda aan - aan ahayn polar, qaab aan joogto ahayn, cabbirka walxaha D50 guud ahaan 5-7μm, nuxurka qoyaanka Wax ka yar ama la mid ah 0.2%, badiyaa alkaliin liidata, pH qiyaastii 8.
Wakiilka wax qabadka: Silsiladda{0} sida walaxda, waxa ku jira qoyaanka<1%, particle size generally 1~5um.Superconductive carbon black with excellent conductivity is usually used, such as KetjenblackCarbon ECP and ECP600JD. lts function is to improve the conductivity of the cathode material,compensate for the electronic conductivity of the cathode active material; increase the electrolyteabsorption of the cathode sheet, expand the reaction interface, and reduce polarization.
Binder (PVDF): Walaxda aan -labada ahayn, silsilad - la mid ah, miisaan kelli ah oo u dhaxaysa 300000 ilaa 3000000; Miisaanka unugyadu hoos buu u dhacaa ka dib nuugista biyaha, taasoo keenta ku dheggan liita. Waxa loo isticmaalay in lagu xidho lithium cobalt oxide, wakiilka conductive, iyo foil aluminium ama aluminium mesh togethelAdhesion Adhesion (NMP): Dareere daciif ah, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu milo/barariyo PVDF isla mar ahaantaana u milmaan dareeraha.
Ururiyaha hadda (cathode tab): Waxaa laga sameeyay bireed aluminium ah ama fiilooyin aluminium ah.
Qaab dhismeedka Anode
Qaab dhismeedka anode-ka unuggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo garaafeed, wakiilka korantada, dhumuclaha (CMC), binder (SBR), iyo ururiyaha hadda (foil naxaas ah), sida ku cad sawirka 7-3.
Samaynta anode ee hal unug sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah tignoolajiyada muhiimka ah ee unugyada, sida caadiga ah sida soo socota:
1) Maaddada Anode (graphite): 94.5%.
2)Wakiilka wax-qabadka (Kaarboon ECP): 1.0% (Ketjenblack).
3) Binder (styrene{1}}butadiene cinjirka cinjirka ah, SBR): 2.25%.
4) Dhumucdiisuna (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC): 2.25%.
5) Biyaha: Saamiga miisaanka walxaha adag waa 1600: 1417.5.
Taxadirrada samaynta Anode:
1) Anode slurry viscosity control at 5000-6000cP (heerkulka 25 darajo).
2)Miisaanka biyaha wuxuu u baahan yahay in si habboon loo hagaajiyo si loo buuxiyo shuruudaha viscosity.
3) Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo saameynta heerkulka iyo qoyaanka ay ku leeyihiin viscosity.
Graphite: Walxaha firfircoon ee Anode, walaxda ugu weyn ee ka kooban falcelinta anode, badiyaa waxay u qaybsantaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: garaafyada dabiiciga ah iyo garaafyada macmalka ah. Walaxda aan -, oo si fudud ay u wasakhaysan yihiin walxo aan ahayn polar, si fudud ugu firdhisan - Ma fududa in la nuugo biyaha, mana fududa in lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha. Garaafyada wasakhaysan, ka dib marka lagu kala firdhiyo biyaha, waxay u janjeertaa inay dib u -agglomerate. Cabbirka walxaha guud ee D50 waa ku dhawaad 20μm. Qaababka qurubku waa kala duwan yihiin oo inta badan aan joogto ahayn, inta badan wareegsan, bararsan, fibros ah, iwm.
Hawlaha wakiilka korantada:
1) Hagaajinta conductivity ee xaashida anode iyo magdhow conductivity elektarooniga ah ee walxaha firfircoon ee anode.
2) Kordhi qoto dheer ee falcelinta iyo heerka isticmaalka.
3) Kahortagga jiilka dendrites-ka.
4)Ka faa'iidayso dareeraha - nuugista awooda agabka kicinta si aad u kordhiso falcelinta falcelinta oo aad u yarayso polarization (waa lagu dari karaa ama maya iyadoo loo eegayo qaybinta qaybinta garaafyada).
Waxyaalaha lagu daro: Yaree falcelinta aan dib loo celin karin, kordhi xoogga isku xidhka iyo viscosity slurry, oo ka hortag sedimentation slurry.
Thickener/anti -Wakiilka dejinta (CMC): Iskudhis molecular sare, si fudud ugu milmay biyaha iyo dareerayaasha polar
Isopropanol: Walaxda polar oo daciif ah; ka dib marka lagu daro, waxay yarayn kartaa polarity ee xalka binder, hagaajinta iswaafajinta u dhexeeya graphite iyo xalalka binder; waxay leedahay saameyn xoog leh oo xumbo-jaritaan ah; waxay si fudud u xakamaysaa iskutallaabtu{0}ku xidhidhiyaha shabakada xidhidha waxayna wanaajisaa awooda isku xidhka
Ethanol: Walaxda polar ee daciifka ah; ka dib marka lagu daro, waxay yarayn kartaa polarity ee xalka binder, hagaajinta iswaafajinta u dhexeeya graphite iyo xalalka binder; waxay leedahay saameyn xoog leh oo xumbo-jaritaan ah; waxay si fudud u kicisaa iskutallaab toosan {{0}ku xidhidhiyaha binder waxayna wanaajisaa awooda isku xidhka (shaqooyinka isopropanol iyo ethanol asal ahaan waa isku mid; marka ay cufan -soo saarayaan, arrimaha kharashka ayaa loo tixgelin karaa inay doortaan midka lagu darayo).
Biyaha{0}kusalaysan binder (SBR): graphite-ka curaarta, walaxda samaynta, waxyaabaha lagu daro, iyo xaashida naxaasta ah ama mesh naxaasta oo wada jira; molecule silsilad toosan oo emulsion ah, oo aad ugu milmay biyaha iyo dareerayaasha dabaysha.
Biyaha la miiray (ama biyo la miiray): Dheecaannada, oo lagu daray qaddar ku habboon, ayaa beddeli kara dareeraha dareeraha.
Anode tab: Waxaa laga sameeyay bireed naxaas ah ama xariijimo naxaas ah.
