Waa maxay mabaadi'da tijaabada aasaasiga ah iyo hababka baytariyada korontada?
Mabaadi'da Aasaasiga ah iyo Hababka Tijaabinta Bateriga Awoodda
Tilmaamaha aasaasiga ah ee korantada ee ilaha tamarta kiimikada waxaa ka mid ah awoodda, korantada, iska caabinta gudaha, nafta - shubista, waxqabadka kaydinta, heerkulka sare iyo hooseeyo, iwm. Sida ilaha awoodda kiimikaad sare iyo hooseeyo, baytariyada korontada sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah kharashka iyo dheecaanka waxqabadka, waxqabadka wareegga, cadaadiska gudaha, iwm. Sidaa darteed, waxqabadka ugu muhiimsan ee tijaabinta hal unug koronto ah oo keliya waxaa ka mid ah: soo dallaca iyo soo-dejinta tijaabada waxqabadka, soo saarista tijaabada awooda, tijaabinta awooda sare iyo waxqabadka gaarka ah ee tamarta. tijaabinta, waxqabadka kaydinta iyo is--imtixaanka dareeraha, tijaabada nolosha, tijaabada iska caabinta gudaha, tijaabada cadaadiska gudaha, iyo tijaabada badbaadada, iwm.
Marka laga eego dhinaca codsiga dhabta ah ee gaadhiga, tijaabooyin taxane ah oo ku haboon isticmaalka gaadhiga ayaa lagu sameeyaa xidhmada batteriga awooda lagu dabaqo baabuurta korantada sida shayga tijaabada ah, sida: ogaanshaha awooda taagan, ogaanshaha awooda firfircoon, tijaabada quiescent, tijaabada awooda bilowga, tijaabada awooda dallacaada degdega ah, tijaabada nolosha meertada, tijaabada badbaadada, tijaabada gariir batteriga, ogaanshaha awooda ugu sarreysa, ogaanshaha qayb ka mid ah soo saarista, tijaabada awooda tartiib tartiib ah, iwm.
(1) Ogaanshaha Awoodda Joogtada ah Ujeedada ugu weyn ee tijaabadani waa in la go'aamiyo in baakidhka korantadu uu leeyahay kharash iyo tamar ku filan marka baabuurka si dhab ah loo isticmaalo, oo uu si caadi ah ugu shaqayn karo heerar kala duwan oo la sii daayay iyo heerkulbeegyo. Habka ugu weyn ee tijaabada ah waa tijaabada qulqulka qunyar socodka ah ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha heerkulka joogtada ah, dheecaankuna waa la joojiyaa marka korantada xirmada batteriga korontadu ay hoos ugu dhacdo qiime go'an ama joogteynta unugyada kaliya ee ku jira xirmada batteriga korontada (farqiga korantada) ayaa gaaro qiime go'an.
(2) Ogaanshaha Awood DhaqaaleInta lagu jiro hawlgalka gaadhi koronto, heerkulka hawlgalka iyo heerka dheecaanka batari koronto waa firfircoon. Tijaabadani waxay inta badan ogaataa awoodda xidhmada batteriga korontada ee xaaladaha dareeraha firfircoon, taas oo inta badan ka muuqata tamarta iyo awoodda heerkul kala duwan iyo heerarka soo daynta. Habka ugu weyn ee tijaabada ah waa in la sameeyo tijaabada shaqada ee xirmada batteriga korontada iyadoo la adeegsanayo muuqaal hadda la sii go'aamiyay ama astaanta hadda jirta oo dhab ahaantii laga soo ururiyay arjiga gaariga. Xaaladda joojinta tijaabada waxaa lagu hagaajiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha tijaabada iyo sifooyinka batteriga korontada, laakiin asal ahaan waxay raacdaa heerka korantada ee hoos u dhacaya qiimo gaar ah. Habkani wuxuu si toos ah oo sax ah u muujin karaa baahida dhabta ah ee codsiga baabuurta korontada.
(3) Imtixaanka QuescentUjeedada tijaabadan ayaa ah in la ogaado khasaaraha batteriga korontadu marka aanu shaqayn in muddo ah, kaas oo loo adeegsado in lagu sawiro xaaladda gaadhiga korontadu aanu socon muddo wakhti ah oo batteriga uu furan yahay- wareega. Tijaabada quiescent-ka waxa sidoo kale loo yaqaan is-- tijaabinta waxqabadka kaydinta, kaas oo tixraacaya awooda batteriga si uu u ilaaliyo kharashkiisa ku kaydsan xaaladaha deegaanka qaarkood marka uu ku jiro xaalad furan-.
(4) Bilaabidda Imtixaanka Awoodda Maadaama awoodda bilowga baabuurka ay aad u weyn tahay, si loola qabsado bilawga baabuurka ee xaaladaha heerkulka kala duwan, bilawga tijaabada korontadu waxay ku socotaa batteriga korantada heerkul hooseeya ($-18\\text{℃}$) iyo heerkul sare ($ 50\\text{℃}$). Tijaabadaan, marka lagu daro in lagu cabiro heerkulka qolka, guud ahaan sidoo kale waxaa lagu dejiyay qiime SOC si loo go'aamiyo awooda sii daynta batteriga ee gobolada kala duwan ee lagu dallaco. Tijaabooyin caadi ah waa imtixaanada awooda lagu sameeyo $90\\%$, $50\\%$, iyo $20\\%$ SOC.
(5) Tijaabada Awoodda Dallacaadda Degdegga ahUjeedada tijaabadani waa in la tijaabiyo awooda dallacaadda degdega ah ee batteriga iyada oo la samaynayo tijaabo sare oo ku dallacaadda batteriga, iyo in la baaro waxtarkiisa, kuleylkiisa, iyo saamaynta uu ku leeyahay guryaha kale. Dallacaadda degdegga ah, halbeegga USABC wuxuu higsanayaa in batteriga SOC uu ka soo kabsado $40\\%$ ilaa $80\\%$ $15\\qoraalka{min}$ gudahooda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, heerka uu dejiyay ururka CHAdeMO ee Japan wuxuu u baahan yahay in ku dallaca batteriga korantada ee gaariga ilaa $10\\text{min}$ ay dammaanad qaadi karto in baabuurku socdo $50\\qoraalka{km}$; ku dallaca in ka badan $30\\text{min}$ waxay dammaanad qaadi kartaa in baabuurka uu socdo $100\\text{km}$.
(6) Imtixaanka nolosha wareeggaNolosha meertada batteriga waxay si toos ah u saamaysaa dhaqaalaha isticmaalka batteriga. Marka awoodda dhabta ah ee batteriga ay ka hooseyso $80\\%$ ee awoodda bilowga ah ama awoodda la qiimeeyay, batteriga korontadu waxaa loo arkaa inuu gaaray dhammaadka noloshiisa. Habka ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo baaritaankan waa in lagu sameeyo wareegyada lacag-bixinta iyo soo saarista xaaladaha qaarkood, iyada oo la adeegsanayo tirada wareegyada sida tusaha nolosheeda. Maadaama muddada tijaabada nolosha batteriga korontadu ay aad u dheer tahay, imtixaanku guud ahaan wuxuu socdaa dhowr bilood ama xitaa sanad. Sidaa darteed, hawlgalka wax ku oolka ah, hababka lagu go'aamiyo tirada wareegyada imtixaannada, cabbiraadda hoos u dhaca awoodda, ka dibna samaynta ka-saarista tooska ah ee ku salaysan xogtan ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa baaritaanka. Dhanka cilmi baarista, si loo soo gaabiyo waqtiga tijaabada nolosha batteriga, daraasado ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameynayaa dardargelinta gabowga batteriga iyadoo la kordhinayo heerkulka tijaabada iyo qiimaha dallacaadda si loo tijaabiyo nolosha baytariyada korantada iyo xirmooyinka baytariga.
(7) Imtixaanka BadbaadadaWaxqabadka badbaadada baytarigu waxa loola jeedaa qiimaynta waxyeelada ka iman karta dadka iyo qalabka ay sababi karto kaydinta iyo isticmaalka baytariyada kaydinta. Gaar ahaan marka batteriga si xun loo isticmaalo, tamar gaar ah ayaa keenta in walxaha gudaha ee batteriga ka kooban yahay fal-celin jidheed ama kiimiko ah oo dhaliya kulayl badan. Haddii kulaylka aan la daadin karin waqti, waxay keeni kartaa in kulaylka baytari uu cararo. Ka cararka kulaylku wuxuu keeni karaa in batteriga bararsado, dhaliyo gaas guban kara, dillaaca, dildilaaca, oo uu weheliyo dab, taasoo keenta shilal badbaado. Ilaha tamarta kiimikaad badan, badbaadada baytariyada lithium{4}Ion ayaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah. Alaabooyinka baarista badbaadada caadiga ah ee baytariyada korontada ayaa lagu muujiyay shaxda 6-1.
Shaxda 6-1 Walxaha Tijaabada Badbaadada Guud ee baytariyada Korontada
| Qaybta | Hababka Imtixaanka Muhiimka ah |
| Imtixaanka Waxqabadka Korontada | Lacag xad dhaaf ah, ka badan {{0} shuban, wareeg gaaban oo dibadda ah, dareere kulul, iwm. |
| Tijaabada Makaanikada | Dhicis xor ah, saameyn, extrusion, gariir, extrusion, iwm. |
| Imtixaanka kulaylka | Gubashada, sawirka kulaylka, shoogga kulaylka, isbeddelka heerkulka, iwm. |
| Tijaabada Deegaanka | Jilidda faakuumka, immersion, qoyaanka, iwm. |
(8) Tijaabada gariirka baytarigaUjeedada tijaabadani waa in la ogaado saamaynta gariirada iyo gariirada soo noqnoqda ee ay sababaan wadooyinku waxqabadka iyo nolosha baytariyada korontada iyo xidhmooyinka baytariga. Tijaabada gariirka batteriga ayaa inta badan baara cimriga gariirka ee batteriga korantada (baakada) wuxuuna tan u isticmaalaa saldhig si uu u hago hagaajinta qaab dhismeedka batteriga (baakada). Waxaa jira laba nooc oo gariir ah oo ku jira baaritaanka gariir: gariirka sinusoidal ama gariir random. Maadaama baakadaha korontada inta badan loo isticmaalo baabuurta, gariir random ah ayaa guud ahaan la qaatay si si fiican loogu ekaysiiyo xaaladaha dhabta ah ee batteriga.
Kuwa kore ayaa ah qaar ka mid ah shuruudaha guud ee tijaabinta baytariyada korontada (xirmooyinka). Qiyaasaha gaarka ah iyo shuruudaha imtixaanku way kala duwanaan doonaan iyadoo ku xidhan nooca batteriga korontada. Shaxda 6-2 waxa ay tusaysaa shuruudaha waxqabadka badbaadada iyo hababka tijaabinta xidhmooyinka baytariyada lithium-ion iyo nidaamyada loo isticmaalo baabuurta korontada
Shaxda 6 -2 Shuruudaha Waxqabadka Badbaadada iyo Hababka Tijaabada Baakadaha Lithium-ion iyo Nidaamyada Baabuurta Korantada
| Shayga | Qaybta | Habka Imtixaanka | Shuruudaha Badbaadada |
| Tijaabada Badbaadada Guud (Shaxda 6-1) | Imtixaanka Waxqabadka Korontada | Lacag xad dhaaf ah, ka badan {{0} shuban, wareeg gaaban oo dibadda ah, dareere kulul, iwm. | N/A |
| Tijaabada Makaanikada | Dhicis xor ah, saameyn, extrusion, gariir, extrusion, iwm. | N/A | |
| Imtixaanka kulaylka | Gubashada, sawirka kulaylka, shoogga kulaylka, isbeddelka heerkulka, iwm. | N/A | |
| Tijaabada Deegaanka | Jilidda faakuumka, immersion, qoyaanka, iwm. | N/A | |
| EV Li{0}ion Badbaadada baytariga (Shaxda 6-2) | Gariir | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama System . 1. Tixraac shuruudaha ku xidhida gaadhiga iyo GB/T 2423.43-2008, ku rakib miiska gariir Tijaabi 3 jiho ($Y \\ ilaa X \\ ilaa Z$). Habraaca waxa loola jeedaa GB/T 2423.56-2018. 2. Ku rakibida jidhka hoose, cabirka tijaabi si waafaqsan 7.1.1.2 gudaha GB/T 31467.3-2015. 3. wakhtiga imtixaanku waa $2\\qoraalka{h}$ jiho kasta (waxaa lagu dhimi karaa $0.5\\qoraalka{h}$). $2\\text{h}$ indho-indhayn waa la ogolyahay inta lagu jiro ama ka dib $30\\qoraalka{min}$. 4. Lasoco heerka ugu yar ee la socodka (voltage, iska caabin, heerkulka){16}} U fiirso $2\\text{h}$ inta lagu jiro tijaabada{18}}Qalabka elegtarooniga ah:i. Hore{1}}ku rakiban: Tijaabi 7.1.1.2.1 gudaha GB/T 31467.3-2015. Goobaha kale: Tijaabi GB/T 28046.3-2011. $2\\qoraalka{h}$ ee jihooyinka dhidibka u ah $Z$ ee kala duwan. Walxaha dambe: Habka kicinta ee la qabto. ii. Ku shaqee qaabka $3.2$ GB/T 28046.1-2011. | Xirmooyinka batteriga ama nidaamka waa in: Aanay lahayn danab danab qaybta la socodka ugu yar ($< 0.5\text{V}$), remain intact, structure sound, no leakage, no rupture, fire, or explosion. Insulation resistance $\ge 100\text{Ω}/\text{V}$ within $30\text{min}$ after test. Electronic devices: Reliable connection, structure sound, no disconnection. Post-test parameters meet Table 1 in GB/T 31467.3-2015. |
| Shock makaanik | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama Nidaamka . 2. Tixraac 7.2 Shock $25\\text{g}\\text-}15\\text{ms}$ nus{6}} garaaca wadnaha ee GB/T 31467.3 -2015, $3$ shoog dhanka $Y$-h} | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. Iska caabbinta dahaarka $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$. | |
| Tuur | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama System . 2. Ka soo deg $1\\text{m}$ dhulka adag ee jihada ugu macquulsan (haddii kale ugu xasiloon jihada dhibicda, $X$-tijaabada dhidibka), fiirso $2\\text{h}$. | Ma jiro qufulka hadda socda, korontadu kor u kacday ama daadinta, dillaaca daboolka dibadda, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Wareegid | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama Nidaamka . 2. Tixraac 7.3.2 gudaha GB/T 31467.3 -2015: $90\\text{℃}$ u janjeero $6\\text{h}$, ka dib $90\\text{ degree}$ kordhinta, hay $1\\text $3{h} qoraal kasta joogsaday. U fiirso $2\\text{h}$. 3. Ku wareeji $360\\qoraalka{darajada}$ agagaarka $X$- dhidibka $6\\text{ degree}/\\text{s}$, ka dib $90\\qoraalka darajada }$ kordhinta, hay $1\\text{h}$ rogo kasta, $36. U fiirso $2\\text{h}$. 4. Ku wareeji $360\\qoraalka darajada }$ agagaarka $Y$-axis at $6\\text{℃}/\\text{s}$, ka bacdi $90\\qoraalka darajada }$ kordhinta, hayso $1\\qoraalka{h}$ midkiiba, $360}$qoraal ayaa joogsaday. U fiirso $2\\qoraalka{h}$. | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax, ma ilaaliso xiriir la isku halayn karo. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Heerka ugu sarreeya | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama System . 2. Si toos ah loogu rakibay gaariga. Ku celi garaaca garaaca wadnaha lagu sheegay shaxanka 3 ee shaxda 7 ee SAE J2380 ama GB/T 31467.3 -2015 | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Burburi | 1. Test Object: Battery Pack or System. 2. Crush conditions: ① Crushing surface: $12.5\text{mm}$ diameter semi-cylinder, length $>$ ballac Jiho: $X$- dhidibka $Y$- dhidibka. ③ Xoog: Bilawga $200\\qoraalka{kN}$ ama joogso $30\\%$ deformation. ④ U fiirso $1\\text{h}$. ⑤ Ku hay $10\\text{min}$. | Ma jiro daadad, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. Ma jiro dab ama qarax (ee shuruudaha labaad). | |
| Naxdinta heerkulka | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama Nidaamka . 2. Heerkulka beddelka $(-40\\pm2)\\text{℃}$, max $30\\text{min}$ muddada ugu saraysa. Ku hay meel kasta oo daraf ah $6\\text{h}$, $5$ wareegyo. U fiirso $2\\text{h}$ heerkulka qolka. | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Wareegga kulaylka qoyan | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama Nidaamka . 2. Tixraac GB/T 2423.4-2018 Tijaabi $Db$ wareegyada kulaylka qoyan. Jaantuska 4 ee GB/T 31467.3-2015 ($80\\qoraalka{ degree}$ max temp), wareegyada $5$. U fiirso $2\\text{h}$ heerkulka qolka. | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. Iska caabbinta dahaarka $\\ge 100\\text{Ω}/\\text{V}$ gudaha $30\\text{min}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Immersion Biyaha Badda | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama System . 2. Si amaan ah ugu xidhan suunka, dhex geli $3.5\\%$ NaCl xal (biyaha badda) $2\\qoraalka{h}$ fogaanta gaadiidka dhabta ah. Ku laal iyada oo loo marayo qaabka waalka hadhida-biyoodka. | Dab ama qarax ma jiro. | |
| Dab Dibadeed | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery-ga ama Nidaamka . 2. Tixraac 7.10 Dabka Dibadeed ee GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Dab ama qarax ma jiro. Haddii ololku dhaco, waa inuu ku dami $2\\text{min}$ gudahood ka dib saarista isha dabka. | |
| Buufis milix ah | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery ama Nidaamka . 2. Tixraac 7.11 buufinta milixda ee GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. | |
| Joog sare | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Xidhmada Battery-ga ama Nidaamka . 2. Jooga $4000\\text{m}$ ama cadaadis u dhigma, heerkulka qolka{3}} Waxaa lagu kaydiyaa $5\\text{h}$ gudaha tijaabada 7.12.2 ee GB/T 31467.3{9}}2015{9}}2015, dabadeed laga saaray $1\\text $400\\qoraalka{A}$) ama la gooyo U fiirso $2\\qoraalka{h}$. | Ma jiro qufulka hadda socda, korontadu kor u kacday ama daadinta, dillaaca daboolka dibadda, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| In ka badan- Ilaalinta heerkulka | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Nidaamka Battery . 2. Tixraac 7.13 In ka badan{3}} Ilaalinta heerkulka GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS waa shaqayn doontaa. Ma jiro gaas ka da'aya, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Ilaalinta Wareegga Gaaban | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Nidaamka Battery . 2. Tixraac 7.14 Ilaalinta Wareegga Gaaban ee GB/T 31467.3-2015. | Qalabka ilaalinta waa inuu shaqeeyaa. Ma jiro wax daadasho ah, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| Ilaalinta Kharashka Badan | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Nidaamka Battery . 2. Tixraac 7.15 Ilaalinta Kharashka Dheeraadka ah ee GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS waa shaqayn doontaa. Ma jiro gaas ka da'aya, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. | |
| In ka badan- Ilaalinta dheecaanka | 1. Shayga Tijaabada: Nidaamka Battery . 2. Tixraac 7.16 In ka badan{3}} Ilaalinta dheecaanka GB/T 31467.3-2015. | BMS waa shaqayn doontaa. Ma jiro gaas ka da'aya, dalool dibadda ah, dab, ama qarax. U adkaysiga dahaarka $\\ge 100\\qoraalka{Ω}/\\qoraalka{V}$ kadib tijaabada. |
Fiiro gaar ah: Shaxda 6-2 inta badan tixraacyada GB/T 31467.3-2015, GB/T 2423.43-2008, GB/T 2423.56-2018, iyo GB/T 28046.1-2011.
